Naeem Mohaiemen skillfully merges discourses of (ethno)musicology, post-colonial and culture studies, with political, historical and theological analysis. The main premise of his argument rests on bringing to the fore two invisibilities: African Americans as the US' largest Muslim population, and the influence of Islam on hip-hop. Both forces are neglected within the American consciousness, in order to maintain the idea of the Muslim as an ‘outsider’, an 'immigrant'. Mohaiemen traces how the African American experience of Islam is hybridized by racial politics and the assertion of Black identity. He reminds us of, and uncovers, hip-hop's overlooked Black Islamic Roots.